Nanocarrier-Based Drug Delivery Systems in 2025: Transforming Precision Medicine and Accelerating Market Growth. Explore the Innovations, Key Players, and Future Trends Shaping the Next Era of Targeted Therapeutics.

• Executive Summary: 2025 Market Landscape and Key Insights
• Technology Overview: Types and Mechanisms of Nanocarriers
• Market Size, Growth Rate, and Forecasts to 2030
• Key Applications: Oncology, Infectious Diseases, and Beyond
• Leading Companies and Strategic Partnerships (e.g., pfizer.com, novartis.com, nanobiotix.com)
• Regulatory Environment and Industry Standards (e.g., fda.gov, ema.europa.eu)
• Recent Innovations: Smart Nanocarriers and Controlled Release
• Challenges: Scalability, Safety, and Manufacturing
• Regional Analysis: North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and Emerging Markets
• Future Outlook: Disruptive Trends and Investment Opportunities
• Sources & References

Executive Summary: 2025 Market Landscape and Key Insights

The global landscape for nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems in 2025 is characterized by rapid technological advancements, increased regulatory engagement, and expanding commercial adoption. Nanocarriers—such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, and lipid nanoparticles—are revolutionizing the delivery of therapeutics by enhancing bioavailability, targeting precision, and reducing systemic toxicity. These systems are increasingly integral to the development of next-generation pharmaceuticals, particularly in oncology, infectious diseases, and gene therapy.

Major pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies are intensifying their investments in nanocarrier technologies. Pfizer Inc. and Moderna, Inc. have set industry benchmarks with their lipid nanoparticle (LNP) platforms, which were pivotal in the rapid deployment of mRNA vaccines. These successes have catalyzed further research and commercial interest in LNPs for a broader range of therapeutics, including rare diseases and personalized medicine. Novartis AG and F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG are also advancing nanocarrier-based formulations, with several candidates in late-stage clinical development targeting cancer and autoimmune disorders.

The regulatory environment is evolving to keep pace with these innovations. Agencies such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) are actively engaging with industry stakeholders to refine guidelines for nanomedicine evaluation, focusing on safety, efficacy, and quality control. This regulatory clarity is expected to accelerate product approvals and market entry over the next few years.

On the manufacturing front, companies like Evonik Industries AG and Merck KGaA are expanding their capabilities in nanocarrier production, offering contract development and manufacturing services to support the growing pipeline of nanomedicine candidates. These firms are investing in scalable, GMP-compliant processes to meet the anticipated surge in demand.

Looking ahead, the market outlook for nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems remains robust. The convergence of advanced materials science, precision medicine, and digital health is expected to drive further innovation. Strategic collaborations between pharmaceutical companies, technology providers, and academic institutions are likely to yield novel delivery platforms and expand therapeutic indications. As a result, nanocarrier-based systems are poised to become a cornerstone of modern drug delivery, with significant implications for patient outcomes and the broader healthcare ecosystem through 2025 and beyond.

Technology Overview: Types and Mechanisms of Nanocarriers

Nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems represent a rapidly advancing frontier in pharmaceutical technology, offering enhanced targeting, controlled release, and improved bioavailability for a wide range of therapeutics. As of 2025, several types of nanocarriers are at the forefront of research and commercialization, each with distinct mechanisms and applications.

The most established nanocarrier platforms include liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), and inorganic nanoparticles such as gold or silica-based systems. Liposomes—spherical vesicles composed of phospholipid bilayers—remain widely used due to their biocompatibility and ability to encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. Companies like Pfizer and Gilead Sciences have commercialized liposomal formulations for cancer and antifungal therapies, demonstrating the clinical viability of this technology.

Polymeric nanoparticles, constructed from biodegradable polymers such as PLGA (poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)), offer tunable drug release profiles and surface modification capabilities for targeted delivery. Evonik Industries is a leading supplier of pharmaceutical-grade polymers and has developed advanced nanoparticle systems for injectable and oral drug delivery. Dendrimers, highly branched synthetic macromolecules, provide precise control over size and surface functionality, enabling multivalent drug attachment and targeting. Companies like Starpharma Holdings are actively developing dendrimer-based therapeutics, with several candidates in clinical trials for oncology and antiviral applications.

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are gaining traction for their ability to improve the stability and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. BASF and CordenPharma are among the manufacturers providing lipid excipients and formulation services for SLN-based products. Inorganic nanoparticles, such as gold and silica, are being explored for their unique optical and magnetic properties, enabling applications in imaging, diagnostics, and theranostics. nanoComposix (now part of Fortis Life Sciences) specializes in the production of precisely engineered inorganic nanoparticles for research and clinical use.

Mechanistically, nanocarriers can be engineered for passive targeting—leveraging the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect in tumors—or active targeting, where ligands on the nanocarrier surface bind to specific cellular receptors. Stimuli-responsive systems, which release their payload in response to pH, temperature, or enzymatic activity, are also under active development. The next few years are expected to see further integration of nanocarriers with biologics, gene therapies, and personalized medicine approaches, as well as increased regulatory clarity and commercial adoption.

Market Size, Growth Rate, and Forecasts to 2030

The global market for nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems is experiencing robust growth in 2025, driven by increasing demand for targeted therapeutics, rising prevalence of chronic diseases, and ongoing innovation in nanotechnology. Nanocarriers—including liposomes, dendrimers, polymeric nanoparticles, and solid lipid nanoparticles—are being rapidly adopted for their ability to enhance drug solubility, bioavailability, and controlled release profiles. The pharmaceutical industry’s focus on precision medicine and the need to overcome biological barriers in drug delivery are further accelerating market expansion.

In 2025, the nanocarrier-based drug delivery sector is estimated to be valued in the multi-billion-dollar range, with leading pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies investing heavily in research, development, and commercialization. For example, Pfizer Inc. and Merck & Co., Inc. are actively developing and marketing nanocarrier-enabled therapeutics, particularly in oncology and infectious diseases. Novartis AG and F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG are also prominent players, leveraging nanocarrier platforms for both small molecule and biologic drug delivery.

The market is projected to maintain a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) in the high single digits through 2030, with some industry sources suggesting growth rates between 8% and 12% annually. This expansion is underpinned by a strong pipeline of nanocarrier-based products in clinical trials and increasing regulatory approvals. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) have approved several nanocarrier-based formulations in recent years, setting precedents for future product launches.

Regionally, North America and Europe are expected to remain the largest markets due to advanced healthcare infrastructure, significant R&D investments, and early adoption of innovative drug delivery technologies. However, Asia-Pacific is anticipated to witness the fastest growth, fueled by expanding pharmaceutical manufacturing capabilities, rising healthcare expenditure, and supportive government initiatives. Companies such as Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. and Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd. are increasingly active in developing and commercializing nanocarrier-based therapeutics in these regions.

Looking ahead to 2030, the outlook for nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems remains highly positive. The convergence of nanotechnology with biologics, gene therapies, and personalized medicine is expected to unlock new therapeutic possibilities and further drive market growth. Strategic collaborations between pharmaceutical companies, nanotechnology firms, and academic institutions are likely to accelerate innovation and commercialization, ensuring that nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems play a central role in the future of medicine.

Key Applications: Oncology, Infectious Diseases, and Beyond

Nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems are rapidly transforming therapeutic strategies across multiple disease areas, with oncology and infectious diseases at the forefront. In 2025, the clinical and commercial landscape is witnessing a surge in the deployment of nanocarriers—such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, and lipid nanoparticles (LNPs)—to enhance drug solubility, stability, and targeted delivery.

In oncology, nanocarriers are enabling more precise delivery of chemotherapeutics, reducing systemic toxicity and improving patient outcomes. Liposomal formulations, such as doxorubicin-loaded liposomes, have become standard in certain cancer treatments, and ongoing innovation is expanding their utility. Companies like Pfizer and Janssen Pharmaceuticals continue to advance liposomal and nanoparticle-based oncology drugs, with several candidates in late-stage clinical trials targeting solid tumors and hematological malignancies. The use of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) with nanoparticle carriers is also gaining momentum, offering highly selective cytotoxicity to tumor cells.

Infectious diseases represent another major application area, especially following the global success of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines, which rely on LNPs for delivery. Moderna and BioNTech have demonstrated the scalability and efficacy of LNP-based platforms, and both companies are expanding their pipelines to include vaccines and therapeutics for influenza, RSV, and other viral pathogens. The adaptability of nanocarriers is also being explored for antimicrobial and antifungal agents, aiming to overcome resistance and improve drug penetration in challenging infections.

Beyond oncology and infectious diseases, nanocarrier systems are being investigated for neurological disorders, autoimmune diseases, and rare genetic conditions. For example, Alnylam Pharmaceuticals has pioneered the use of lipid nanoparticles for RNA interference (RNAi) therapies, with approved products for hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis and ongoing trials in other indications. The versatility of nanocarriers is also being harnessed for gene editing and regenerative medicine, with several biotech firms developing next-generation delivery vehicles for CRISPR and mRNA-based therapies.

Looking ahead, the next few years are expected to bring further integration of nanocarrier technologies with personalized medicine, leveraging advances in biomarker identification and companion diagnostics. Regulatory agencies are increasingly familiar with nanocarrier-based products, streamlining approval pathways and encouraging innovation. As manufacturing capabilities scale and new materials are validated, nanocarrier-based drug delivery is poised to expand its impact across a broader spectrum of diseases, with improved efficacy, safety, and patient adherence.

Leading Companies and Strategic Partnerships (e.g., pfizer.com, novartis.com, nanobiotix.com)

The landscape of nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems in 2025 is shaped by a dynamic interplay of established pharmaceutical giants, innovative biotech firms, and strategic collaborations. These partnerships are accelerating the translation of nanotechnology from research to clinical and commercial applications, particularly in oncology, infectious diseases, and rare disorders.

Among the global leaders, Pfizer Inc. continues to invest in nanocarrier technologies, building on its experience with lipid nanoparticle (LNP) platforms used in mRNA vaccines. Pfizer’s ongoing collaborations with biotech firms and academic institutions are focused on expanding the use of LNPs for targeted delivery of nucleic acid therapeutics, including siRNA and gene editing tools. Similarly, Novartis AG is advancing its pipeline of nanomedicines, leveraging its expertise in oncology and rare diseases. Novartis has entered into multiple partnerships to co-develop polymeric and lipid-based nanocarriers, aiming to improve drug solubility, stability, and tissue targeting.

In the realm of clinical-stage innovation, Nanobiotix stands out for its proprietary nanoparticle platform, NBTXR3, designed to enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy in solid tumors. The company has established strategic alliances with major pharmaceutical players to broaden the clinical indications of its technology, with several Phase III trials underway in 2025. Another notable player, Creative Biolabs, offers a comprehensive suite of nanocarrier development services, supporting both preclinical and clinical-stage projects for global clients.

Strategic partnerships are also driving innovation in the sector. For example, AbbVie Inc. has entered into collaborations with nanotechnology startups to co-develop targeted nanocarrier systems for central nervous system (CNS) disorders, aiming to overcome the blood-brain barrier challenge. Bayer AG is investing in joint ventures focused on nanoparticle-based delivery of RNA therapeutics, reflecting a broader industry trend toward precision medicine.

Looking ahead, the next few years are expected to see an intensification of cross-sector partnerships, with pharmaceutical companies, nanotechnology specialists, and contract development and manufacturing organizations (CDMOs) pooling resources to accelerate regulatory approval and commercialization. The integration of artificial intelligence and advanced analytics into nanocarrier design is anticipated to further enhance the precision and efficiency of drug delivery systems, positioning the sector for robust growth and expanded therapeutic impact.

Regulatory Environment and Industry Standards (e.g., fda.gov, ema.europa.eu)

The regulatory landscape for nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems is evolving rapidly in 2025, reflecting both the growing adoption of nanotechnology in pharmaceuticals and the need for robust safety and efficacy standards. Regulatory agencies such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) have intensified their focus on nanomedicine, issuing updated guidance and frameworks to address the unique challenges posed by nanoscale materials.

In the United States, the FDA continues to refine its regulatory approach to nanocarriers, building on its earlier guidance documents. In 2024 and 2025, the agency has emphasized a case-by-case evaluation of nanocarrier-based products, requiring detailed characterization of particle size, surface properties, and stability, as well as comprehensive toxicological data. The FDA’s Nanotechnology Task Force remains active, collaborating with industry stakeholders to ensure that regulatory science keeps pace with innovation. The agency has also encouraged early engagement through pre-IND (Investigational New Drug) meetings for developers of nanocarrier-based therapeutics, aiming to streamline the approval process while maintaining rigorous safety standards (U.S. Food and Drug Administration).

In Europe, the EMA has updated its reflection papers and guidelines on the development of nanomedicines, including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, and other nanocarrier systems. The EMA’s Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) has prioritized harmonization of standards across EU member states, with a focus on quality, safety, and efficacy requirements specific to nanocarriers. The agency is also working closely with the European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & HealthCare (EDQM) to develop standardized testing methods and reference materials for nanocarrier characterization (European Medicines Agency).

Industry organizations such as the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) are contributing to the establishment of standardized analytical methods and reference standards for nanocarrier-based formulations. These efforts are critical for ensuring batch-to-batch consistency and facilitating regulatory review. In parallel, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is advancing work on technical standards for nanotechnologies in healthcare, which are expected to be increasingly referenced by regulators worldwide.

Looking ahead, the regulatory environment for nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems is expected to become more harmonized and transparent, with greater international collaboration and the introduction of new standards tailored to emerging nanotechnologies. This evolving framework will be crucial for supporting innovation while safeguarding public health as more nanocarrier-based therapies approach commercialization in the coming years.

Recent Innovations: Smart Nanocarriers and Controlled Release

Recent years have witnessed significant advancements in nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems, particularly in the development of smart nanocarriers and controlled release technologies. As of 2025, the focus has shifted toward engineering nanocarriers that respond to specific physiological stimuli, enabling precise drug release at targeted sites and minimizing systemic side effects.

One of the most notable innovations is the integration of stimuli-responsive mechanisms into nanocarriers. These smart systems can be triggered by internal factors such as pH, temperature, redox gradients, or enzymes, as well as external stimuli like light, magnetic fields, or ultrasound. For example, pH-sensitive liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles are being designed to release their payload in the acidic microenvironment of tumors, enhancing the efficacy of anticancer drugs while reducing toxicity to healthy tissues. Companies such as Evonik Industries and Merck KGaA are actively developing advanced lipid and polymer-based nanocarriers with tunable release profiles for oncology and chronic disease applications.

Another area of rapid progress is the use of surface modification and functionalization to improve targeting and circulation time. By attaching ligands, antibodies, or peptides to the nanocarrier surface, researchers can achieve active targeting of specific cell types or tissues. Creative Biolabs and Thermo Fisher Scientific are among the organizations offering custom-engineered nanocarriers with surface modifications for research and clinical use.

Controlled release technologies are also evolving, with multi-layered and core-shell nanostructures enabling sequential or sustained drug delivery. This is particularly valuable for combination therapies or for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows. Pfizer and AbbVie have ongoing research collaborations exploring nanocarrier platforms for long-acting injectables and implantable drug delivery systems.

Looking ahead, the next few years are expected to bring further integration of digital health and nanotechnology, such as the development of “smart” nanocarriers capable of real-time monitoring and feedback-controlled drug release. Regulatory agencies are also adapting to these innovations, with new guidelines for the evaluation and approval of nanomedicines anticipated. As manufacturing capabilities expand and clinical data accumulates, the translation of smart nanocarrier systems from laboratory to market is poised to accelerate, offering new hope for personalized and precision medicine.

Challenges: Scalability, Safety, and Manufacturing

Nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems are at the forefront of pharmaceutical innovation, but their widespread adoption faces significant challenges in scalability, safety, and manufacturing—issues that are particularly acute as the sector moves into 2025 and beyond. The transition from laboratory-scale synthesis to industrial-scale production remains a major hurdle. Nanocarriers, such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, and lipid nanoparticles, require precise control over size, surface characteristics, and drug loading efficiency. Achieving this consistency at scale is technically demanding and often cost-prohibitive. For example, Evonik Industries, a leading supplier of pharmaceutical excipients and nanocarrier technologies, has invested in advanced manufacturing platforms to address these challenges, but acknowledges that process reproducibility and regulatory compliance are ongoing concerns.

Safety is another critical issue. The unique physicochemical properties of nanocarriers can lead to unexpected biological interactions, including immunogenicity, cytotoxicity, and long-term accumulation in tissues. Regulatory agencies are increasingly scrutinizing the safety profiles of nanocarrier-based products, requiring extensive preclinical and clinical data. Companies like Pfizer and Moderna, both of which have commercialized lipid nanoparticle-based mRNA vaccines, are actively engaged in post-market surveillance and ongoing research to better understand the biodistribution and potential side effects of their nanocarrier platforms.

Manufacturing complexity is further compounded by the need for specialized equipment and stringent quality control. The production of nanocarriers often involves multi-step processes such as solvent evaporation, high-pressure homogenization, or microfluidics, each requiring tight process controls to ensure batch-to-batch consistency. CordenPharma, a contract development and manufacturing organization (CDMO) specializing in lipid nanoparticle formulation, has expanded its facilities and implemented digital process monitoring to meet the growing demand for nanocarrier-based therapeutics. However, the sector as a whole faces a shortage of skilled personnel and validated manufacturing protocols, which can delay product development and regulatory approval.

Looking ahead, the industry is investing in automation, continuous manufacturing, and advanced analytics to overcome these barriers. Collaborative efforts between pharmaceutical companies, technology providers, and regulatory bodies are expected to yield new standards and best practices for nanocarrier production. As these solutions mature, the scalability, safety, and manufacturability of nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems are likely to improve, paving the way for broader clinical adoption in the coming years.

Regional Analysis: North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and Emerging Markets

The global landscape for nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems is rapidly evolving, with distinct regional dynamics shaping innovation, commercialization, and adoption. As of 2025, North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and emerging markets each present unique opportunities and challenges in this sector.

North America remains at the forefront of nanocarrier-based drug delivery, driven by robust R&D infrastructure, strong regulatory frameworks, and significant investment from both public and private sectors. The United States, in particular, is home to leading pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies such as Pfizer and Moderna, both of which have advanced lipid nanoparticle (LNP) technologies for mRNA vaccine delivery. The region also benefits from a high concentration of clinical trials and early adoption of novel therapies, with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) providing clear guidance on nanomedicine approvals. Canada is also making strides, with companies like AbCellera exploring antibody delivery using nanocarriers.

Europe is characterized by strong academic-industry collaborations and supportive regulatory initiatives from the European Medicines Agency (EMA). Countries such as Germany, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom are notable hubs, with companies like CureVac and Novartis investing in RNA-based therapeutics and nanocarrier platforms. The European Union’s Horizon Europe program continues to fund nanomedicine research, fostering cross-border partnerships and accelerating clinical translation. Regulatory harmonization efforts are expected to further streamline market access for nanocarrier-based products in the coming years.

Asia-Pacific is witnessing rapid growth, fueled by increasing healthcare expenditure, expanding pharmaceutical manufacturing, and government support for advanced drug delivery technologies. China and Japan are leading the region, with companies such as WuXi AppTec and Daiichi Sankyo investing in nanocarrier R&D and manufacturing capabilities. India is also emerging as a key player, leveraging its large generic drug industry and growing expertise in nanotechnology. Regional regulatory agencies are gradually aligning with international standards, which is expected to facilitate greater adoption of nanocarrier-based therapies.

Emerging markets in Latin America, the Middle East, and Africa are at earlier stages of adoption but are showing increasing interest in nanocarrier technologies, particularly for addressing unmet medical needs such as infectious diseases and cancer. Local partnerships with global pharmaceutical companies and technology transfer initiatives are anticipated to accelerate capacity building and market entry in these regions over the next few years.

Overall, the outlook for nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems is positive across all regions, with ongoing investments, regulatory advancements, and cross-sector collaborations expected to drive further innovation and market expansion through 2025 and beyond.

Future Outlook: Disruptive Trends and Investment Opportunities

The landscape of nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems is poised for significant transformation in 2025 and the coming years, driven by technological innovation, regulatory momentum, and strategic investments. Nanocarriers—such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, and lipid nanoparticles—are increasingly recognized for their ability to enhance drug solubility, stability, targeted delivery, and controlled release, addressing longstanding challenges in pharmaceutical development.

A major disruptive trend is the rapid advancement and commercialization of lipid nanoparticle (LNP) platforms, which gained global prominence through their role in mRNA COVID-19 vaccines. Companies like Moderna and Pfizer have demonstrated the scalability and clinical viability of LNPs, and both are actively expanding their pipelines to include vaccines and therapeutics for oncology, rare diseases, and infectious diseases. The success of these platforms is catalyzing further investment in next-generation nanocarriers, including stimuli-responsive and multifunctional nanoparticles designed for precision medicine.

Another key area of growth is the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning in nanocarrier design and optimization. Companies such as Evotec are leveraging computational modeling to accelerate the discovery of novel nanocarrier formulations with improved pharmacokinetics and reduced toxicity. This data-driven approach is expected to shorten development timelines and increase the probability of clinical success.

Regulatory agencies are also adapting to the evolving nanomedicine landscape. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) have initiated frameworks for the evaluation of nanocarrier-based products, providing clearer pathways for approval and encouraging investment in the sector. This regulatory clarity is anticipated to stimulate partnerships between pharmaceutical companies and nanotechnology firms, as seen in collaborations involving Avanti Polar Lipids (a subsidiary of Croda International), which supplies high-purity lipids for LNP manufacturing.

Investment opportunities are expanding beyond traditional pharmaceuticals. Nanocarrier systems are being explored for gene editing, RNA therapeutics, and personalized medicine applications. Companies like Precision NanoSystems (now part of Danaher Corporation) are developing scalable manufacturing solutions for clinical and commercial production of nanomedicines, addressing a critical bottleneck in the field.

Looking ahead, the convergence of advanced materials science, digital technologies, and supportive regulatory environments is expected to drive robust growth in nanocarrier-based drug delivery. Strategic investments in R&D, manufacturing infrastructure, and cross-sector collaborations will be pivotal in realizing the full therapeutic potential of these systems, with the next few years likely to witness the emergence of novel therapies and expanded indications across global markets.

Sources & References

• Novartis AG
• F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG
• Evonik Industries AG
• Gilead Sciences
• Starpharma Holdings
• BASF
• CordenPharma
• Merck & Co., Inc.
• Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd.
• Janssen Pharmaceuticals
• BioNTech
• Alnylam Pharmaceuticals
• Nanobiotix
• European Medicines Agency
• United States Pharmacopeia
• International Organization for Standardization
• Thermo Fisher Scientific
• AbCellera
• CureVac
• WuXi AppTec
• Daiichi Sankyo
• Evotec
• Avanti Polar Lipids
• Croda International